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  Resonance Effect or Mesomeric Effect The electron withdrawing or releasing effect attributed to a substituent through delocalization of p or π electrons, which can be visualized by drawing various canonical forms, is known as mesomeric effect or resonance effect . It is symbolized by M or R. Negative resonance or mesomeric effect (-M or -R): It is shown by substituents or groups that withdraw electrons by delocalization mechanism from rest of the molecule and are denoted by -M or -R. The electron density on rest of the molecular entity is decreased due to this effect. E.g. -NO 2 , Carbony group (C=O), -C≡N, -COOH, -SO 3 H etc. Positive resonance or mesomeric effect (+M or +R):   The groups show  positive mesomeric effect when they release electrons to the rest of the molecule by delocalization. These groups are denoted by +M or +R. Due to this effect, the electron density on rest of the molecular entity is increased. ...

Hyperconjugation (or) No Bond Resonace (or) Baker-Nathan Effect The delocalization of σ-electrons or lone pair of electrons into adjacent  π -orbital or p-orbital is called hyperconjugation.  It occurs due to overlapping of σ-bonding orbital or the orbital containing a lone pair with adjacent π-orbital or p-orbital.  It is also known as “no bond resonance” or “Baker-Nathan effect”. Conditions for hyperconjugation   * There must be an α-CH group or a lone pair on atom adjacent to sp 2 hybrid carbon or other atoms like nitrogen, oxygen etc.  E.g., Alkenes, alkyl carbocations, alkyl free radicals, nitro compounds with α- hydrogen Illustration of Hyperconjugation The displacement of  σ -electrons towards the multiple bond occurs when there are hydrogens on the α-carbon (which is adjacent to the multiple bond). This results in the polarization of the multiple bond.  E.g. In propene, the σ -electrons of C-H...

Basic Concepts of Chemistry Basic Concepts of Chemistry Chemistry Matter Atoms and Molecules Physical Quantities and their Measurement Units Dimensional Analysis Scientific Notation Precision and Accuracy Laws of Chemical Combinations Dalton's Atomic Theory Mole Concept Atomic Mass Molecular Mass Equivalent Mass Stoichiometry Percent Yield Empirical and Molecular Formulae Chemistry Chemistry It is the branch of science which deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier is called the father of chemistry. Branches of Chemistry Inorganic chemistry is concerned with the study of elements (other than carbon) and their compounds. Organic chemistry ...

Dear All I am hereby sharing the one Pager of the Haloalkane & Haloarenes. Just go through it.

⚡️TRICKS FOR AMINO ACID⚡️ 1.Basic Trick:- Loves his art   lysins   histidine   arginine 2. Acidic  Trick:- As Glue   Aspartic acid   Glutamic acid 3. Polar Trick:- Sera throw her cyster(sister) to get Aspirin.   Serine  Thrionine  Cystein  Glycine  Asparginine 4. Aromatic  Trick:- PhaTy Tyre     Phenylalanine     Tryptophan     Tyrosine 5. Non polar Tricks:- Professor Leucy Is Already at Valley Ground to Meet him.      Proline      Leucine       Isoleucine      Alanine      Valine      Glycine      Methionine

Biomolecules: The Building Blocks of Life Biomolecules are the foundation of life, encompassing a diverse range of organic compounds essential for the structure, function, and regulation of living organisms. From the simplest unicellular organisms to the most complex multicellular beings, biomolecules play a pivotal role in maintaining life processes. In this blog, we will delve into the fascinating world of biomolecules, exploring their types, structures, and functions. What Are Biomolecules? Biomolecules are organic molecules produced by living organisms. They are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements combine in various ways to form complex structures essential for life. Biomolecules are categorized into four major types: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each type has unique characteristics and performs specific functions in biological systems. Types of Biomolecules 1. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the pr...