Name Reactions Part 2
Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids Rosenmund Reduction: R–COCl + H 2 → Pd/BaSO 4 R–CHO (Reduction of acid chlorides to aldehydes) 2. Stephen Reaction: R–CN → SnCl 2 / HCl R–CHO (Reduction of nitriles to aldehydes) 3. Etard Reaction: C 6 H 5 CH 3 → CrO 2 Cl 2 C 6 H 5 CHO (Oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde) \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}_3 \xrightarrow{\text{CrO}_2\text{Cl}_2} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CHO} 4. Clemmensen Reduction: R–CO–R’ + Zn(Hg) + HCl → R–CH 2 –R (Reduction of ketones to alkanes) 5. Wolf-Kishner Reduction: R–CO–R’ → NH 2 NH 2 / KOH R–CH 2 –R (Reduction of ketones to alkanes) 6. Aldol Condensation: 2R–CHO → OH − R–CH(OH)–CH(R)-CHO (Condensation of aldehydes/ketones with α \alpha α -hydrogen) 7. Cannizzaro Reaction: 2R–CHO → OH − R–COO − + R–CH 2 OH (Disproportionation of aldehydes without \alpha α -hydrogen) 8. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction (HVZ): R–CH 2 COOH + Br 2 + P → R–CHBr–COOH (Halogenation of carboxylic acids at the \alpha α ...