Hyperconjugation
Hyperconjugation (or) No Bond Resonace (or) Baker-Nathan Effect The delocalization of σ-electrons or lone pair of electrons into adjacent π -orbital or p-orbital is called hyperconjugation. It occurs due to overlapping of σ-bonding orbital or the orbital containing a lone pair with adjacent π-orbital or p-orbital. It is also known as “no bond resonance” or “Baker-Nathan effect”. Conditions for hyperconjugation * There must be an α-CH group or a lone pair on atom adjacent to sp 2 hybrid carbon or other atoms like nitrogen, oxygen etc. E.g., Alkenes, alkyl carbocations, alkyl free radicals, nitro compounds with α- hydrogen Illustration of Hyperconjugation The displacement of σ -electrons towards the multiple bond occurs when there are hydrogens on the α-carbon (which is adjacent to the multiple bond). This results in the polarization of the multiple bond. E.g. In propene, the σ -electrons of C-H...