Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science that studies the relationships between heat, work, temperature, and energy. It explores how energy is transferred in the form of heat and work and is fundamental to understanding processes in both nature and engineered systems. Whether in the design of engines, refrigerators, chemical reactions, or biological processes, thermodynamics provides a framework to predict how systems respond to changes in their surroundings. 1. What is Thermodynamics? Thermodynamics deals with the principles governing the behavior of energy in different systems. At its core, it examines: Heat : Energy transfer due to a temperature difference. Work : Energy transfer due to force acting over a distance. Internal Energy : The total energy contained within a system. Temperature : A measure of the thermal energy of particles within a system. Thermodynamics is divided into four laws, each essential to describing how energy moves and transforms. ...