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Dear All I am hereby sharing the one Pager of the Haloalkane & Haloarenes. Just go through it.

⚡️TRICKS FOR AMINO ACID⚡️ 1.Basic Trick:- Loves his art   lysins   histidine   arginine 2. Acidic  Trick:- As Glue   Aspartic acid   Glutamic acid 3. Polar Trick:- Sera throw her cyster(sister) to get Aspirin.   Serine  Thrionine  Cystein  Glycine  Asparginine 4. Aromatic  Trick:- PhaTy Tyre     Phenylalanine     Tryptophan     Tyrosine 5. Non polar Tricks:- Professor Leucy Is Already at Valley Ground to Meet him.      Proline      Leucine       Isoleucine      Alanine      Valine      Glycine      Methionine

Biomolecules: The Building Blocks of Life Biomolecules are the foundation of life, encompassing a diverse range of organic compounds essential for the structure, function, and regulation of living organisms. From the simplest unicellular organisms to the most complex multicellular beings, biomolecules play a pivotal role in maintaining life processes. In this blog, we will delve into the fascinating world of biomolecules, exploring their types, structures, and functions. What Are Biomolecules? Biomolecules are organic molecules produced by living organisms. They are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements combine in various ways to form complex structures essential for life. Biomolecules are categorized into four major types: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each type has unique characteristics and performs specific functions in biological systems. Types of Biomolecules 1. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the pr...

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Redox Reactions: The Cornerstone of Chemistry Redox reactions, short for reduction-oxidation reactions, are one of the fundamental processes that govern chemical changes in our world. They are not only crucial for understanding chemical reactions but also play a vital role in numerous biological, industrial, and environmental processes. This blog delves into the concept of redox reactions, their types, and their significance. --- Understanding Redox Reactions At its core, a redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons between two substances. The term "redox" is derived from two key processes: 1. Reduction: The gain of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion. 2. Oxidation: The loss of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion. These two processes occur simultaneously because the electrons lost by one substance are gained by another. Key Terms Oxidizing Agent: The substance that accepts electrons and gets reduced. Reducing Agent: The substance that donates electrons and gets oxi...

Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids Rosenmund Reduction: R–COCl + H 2 → Pd/BaSO 4 R–CHO (Reduction of acid chlorides to aldehydes)   2. Stephen Reaction: R–CN → SnCl 2 / HCl R–CHO (Reduction of nitriles to aldehydes) 3. Etard Reaction: C 6 H 5 CH 3 → CrO 2 Cl 2 C 6 H 5 CHO (Oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde) \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}_3 \xrightarrow{\text{CrO}_2\text{Cl}_2} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CHO}   4. Clemmensen Reduction: R–CO–R’ + Zn(Hg) + HCl → R–CH 2 –R (Reduction of ketones to alkanes) ​ 5. Wolf-Kishner Reduction: R–CO–R’ → NH 2 NH 2 / KOH R–CH 2 –R (Reduction of ketones to alkanes) 6. Aldol Condensation: 2R–CHO → OH − R–CH(OH)–CH(R)-CHO (Condensation of aldehydes/ketones with α \alpha α -hydrogen) 7. Cannizzaro Reaction: 2R–CHO → OH − R–COO − + R–CH 2 OH (Disproportionation of aldehydes without  \alpha α -hydrogen) 8. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction (HVZ): R–CH 2 COOH + Br 2 + P → R–CHBr–COOH (Halogenation of carboxylic acids at the  \alpha α ...

1. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Finkelstein Reaction: R–X + NaX’ → R–X’ + NaX (Exchange of halogens using a dry acetone solvent) Swarts Reaction: R–X + AgF → R–F + AgX (Fluorination of alkyl halides) Sandmeyer Reaction: Ar–N 2 + + CuX → Ar–X + N 2 ​ (Conversion of diazonium salts to aryl halides) Wurtz Reaction: 2R–X + 2Na → R–R + 2NaX (Coupling of alkyl halides to form alkanes) 2. Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers Williamson Ether Synthesis: R–ONa + R’–X → R–O–R’ + NaX (Synthesis of ethers from alkyl halides and sodium alkoxides) Kolbe’s Reaction: C 6 H 5 O – + CO 2 + H 2 O → C 6 H 4 ( OH ) COOH (Synthesis of salicylic acid from phenol) Reimer-Tiemann Reaction: C 6 H 5 OH + CHCl 3 + NaOH → C 6 H 4 ( OH ) CHO (Formylation of phenols to salicylaldehyde)