SB Tutorials: Name Reactions Part 2

Thursday, August 7, 2025

Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

Rosenmund Reduction:
$R–COCl + H_{2} \overset{{Pd/BaSO}_{4}}{\to} R–CHO$
$(Reduction of acid chlorides to aldehydes)$
2. Stephen Reaction:
$R–CN \overset{{SnCl}_{2} / HCl}{\to} R–CHO$
$(Reduction of nitriles to aldehydes)$
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}_3 \xrightarrow{\text{CrO}_2\text{Cl}_2} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CHO}$
$4.Clemmensen Reduction:R–CO–R’ + Zn(Hg) + HCl \to {R–CH}_{2} –R(Reduction of ketones to alkanes)$
$5.Wolf-Kishner Reduction:R–CO–R’ \overset{{NH}_{2} {NH}_{2} / KOH}{\to} {R–CH}_{2} –R(Reduction of ketones to alkanes)$
$6.Aldol Condensation:2R–CHO \overset{{OH}^{-}}{\to} R–CH(OH)–CH(R)-CHO$
$\alpha$
$7.Cannizzaro Reaction:2R–CHO \overset{{OH}^{-}}{\to} {R–COO}^{-} + {R–CH}_{2} OH$
$\alpha$
$\alpha$
$9.Decarboxylation Reaction:R–COONa + NaOH \overset{Heat}{\to} R–H + {Na}_{2} {CO}_{3}_{}$
$(Removal of a carboxyl group)$
$10.Kolbe Electrolysis:{2RCOO}^{-} \overset{Electrolysis}{\to} R–R + {2CO}_{2}(Electrolytic decarboxylation of carboxylic acids)$
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{CO})_2\text{N}^– + \text{R–X} \rightarrow \text{R–NH}_2$
$55555$
$\text{R–CN} \xrightarrow{\text{SnCl}_2/\text{HCl}} \text{R–CHO}$